Each page covers one condition properly: what it actually is and what it feels like, what causes it, how common it really is and in whom, and how it's diagnosed — followed by the specific variants with a replicated link to it, and, where the research supports it, how genetics can change the way a medicine behaves.
Written in two registers so one page serves both readers: plain language first, then a clinical detail section with the precise terminology, effect sizes and diagnostic thresholds. Every claim is sourced from freely-available published research and cited on the page, so you can check us — or hand the page to your doctor. 385 conditions so far, growing continuously, and free to reuse with attribution (CC BY 4.0).
53 results in Trait
How large the thyroid gland is varies between healthy people, and part of that is inherited. A 2011 study of 3,620 people found four loci for thyroid volume — and the same positions raised the odds of goiter.
Read more → TraitTwo different laboratory measurements of biological aging rate — not how long someone lives, which /conditions/human-lifespan covers separately. The gene that ties them together, TERT, makes telomerase itself, and shows up as the single strongest hit in the epigenetic-clock study.
Read more → TraitSmall molecules the kidneys filter, reabsorb, or excrete into urine — three studies found 12 genetic contributors, on this page, most of them in the transporter proteins that move those molecules across kidney cells.
Read more → TraitA 139,555-person meta-analysis found 112 genetic loci linked to eye pressure, the single biggest known risk factor for glaucoma — 7 of them are on this page.
Read more → TraitA GWAS found that just 4 genetic variants explain 48% of the heritability of blood VEGF levels — an unusually large share for a genetic score that small.
Read more → TraitFive studies, two of them already covered on this site's femoral neck bone density page, found the genetic loci behind bone density measured at the spine specifically.
Read more → TraitFour studies across different populations all point to one gene, ADIPOQ, as the strongest genetic driver of adiponectin, a hormone inversely linked to type 2 diabetes risk.
Read more → TraitA GWAS in the Framingham cohort found that genetic variation at the IL1RL1 gene, functionally validated in cell culture, drives much of the variation in sST2 — a soluble protein linked to cardiovascular disease risk.
Read more → TraitA meta-analysis raised the number of known genetic loci for allergic sensitization — the presence of allergen-specific antibodies — from 3 to 10, explaining at least a quarter of the trait.
Read more → TraitTwo studies found the genetic loci behind femoral neck bone density — the specific measurement site a clinical DXA scan uses to diagnose osteoporosis.
Read more → TraitA meta-analysis of nearly 48,000 children found 15 loci shaping childhood BMI, mostly shared with adult BMI genetics but including three loci specific to childhood.
Read more → TraitA two-stage GWAS found the genetic loci behind serum complement C3 and C4 levels — proteins central to the immune system's complement pathway — with an unusually clean match to this page's own variants.
Read more → TraitA UK Biobank study of over 125,000 people found 38 loci associated with self-reported age at first sexual intercourse, several of them shared with puberty timing, risk-taking, and temperament.
Read more → TraitFive studies, the largest covering nearly 46,000 people, found dozens of loci shaping baseline PSA level as a continuous measurement — distinct from a prostate cancer diagnosis.
Read more → TraitA pharmacogenomics study of atenolol found that heart rate response is genetically variable — but its own confirmed, replicated genes are not the ones tagged to this page's specific variants.
Read more → TraitA UK Biobank study of over 220,000 people studied headache as a single, broadly self-reported experience — not restricted to a clinical migraine diagnosis — and found 28 associated loci.
Read more → TraitA study of nearly 3,000 African American participants confirmed LPA as the central gene for Lp(a) levels — and explicitly warned that a much wider stretch of nearby genes looked significant only because of local genetic ancestry, not a real biological effect.
Read more → TraitA 2018 meta-analysis of nearly 300,000 people found 124 loci shaping hair color, explaining more than a quarter of the heritability of red, blond, and black hair.
Read more → TraitAn Alzheimer's biomarker study followed people with late mild cognitive impairment and measured how quickly their cognition declined — a different, less-detailed endpoint than the same paper's headline CSF biomarker findings.
Read more → TraitA 2018 study measured 139 serum metabolites and their ratios in over 1,000 people with chronic kidney disease, finding genetic loci that illuminate how the kidney handles specific molecules.
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One diagnosed condition or measurable trait covered properly: what it actually is, what causes it, how common it is, how it is diagnosed, and the specific variants with a replicated link to it — every claim sourced from published research.
No. Every page here is informational, not a diagnosis. A result should be discussed with a doctor or a licensed genetic counselor, never acted on alone.
Because they are not disorders. Height, ABO blood group and a handful of others describe a measurable characteristic with nothing to diagnose — "Trait" says so plainly instead of implying a disease that is not one.
Only after a replicated association in published research, verified against the primary study rather than a gene name or a marketing claim — the same discipline the variant pages themselves follow.