Condition

IgA Nephropathy

Reviewed September 14, 2026

Three GWAS totaling tens of thousands of people, one of them tracing a link to intestinal-pathogen biology, together identified the genetic loci behind the world's most common form of glomerulonephritis.

What this condition connects to

IgA Nephropathy Variant: rs1794275 rs1794275 Variant Variant: rs12537 rs12537 Variant Variant: rs660895 rs660895 Variant Variant: rs17019602 rs17019602 Variant Variant: rs6677604 rs6677604 Variant Variant: +4 more +4 more Variant IgA Nephropathy IgA Nephropathy Condition
Prevalence
IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide, though the exact rate varies by region and how actively it is screened for. The three studies behind this page examined populations ranging from a few thousand to over 20,000 people (Yu et al. 2011, PMID:22197929; Kiryluk et al. 2014, PMID:25305756; Li et al. 2015, PMID:26028593).
Inheritance
Polygenic: multiple independent loci across three separate studies contribute to risk, with immune-region (HLA), intestinal-barrier, and pathogen-response genes recurring across studies rather than any single decisive variant.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also called Berger's disease, is the most common form of glomerulonephritis — kidney inflammation centered on the glomeruli, the kidney's blood-filtering units — worldwide. It occurs when immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody normally concentrated at mucosal surfaces, builds up in the kidney's filtering structures and triggers inflammation, which over years can damage kidney function.

Three studies, and a genetic trail leading back to intestinal biology

Yu et al. 2011 ran a two-stage GWAS in Han Chinese: 1,434 cases and 4,270 controls at discovery, 2,703 cases and 3,464 controls at replication. The study found associations at 17p13, implicating TNFSF13, and at 8p23, implicating DEFA (alpha-defensin), plus multiple signals in the MHC immune region and a confirmed earlier finding at 22q12. This page's own variants match four of this paper's named findings directly, with the paper's own statistics: rs2738048 near DEFA (odds ratio 0.79), rs660895 in HLA-DRB1 (odds ratio 1.34, also tied to disease subtype and protein in the urine), rs1794275 near HLA-DQA/B (odds ratio 1.30), and rs12537 in MTMR3 at 22q12 (odds ratio 0.78).

Kiryluk et al. 2014 broadened the search to 20,612 people of European and East Asian ancestry, finding 6 new genome-wide-significant loci — including ITGAM-ITGAX, VAV3, and CARD9 — and replicating 9 previously reported ones. Most of the loci were tied to inflammatory bowel disease risk or to genes maintaining the intestinal barrier and responding to mucosal pathogens, and the geographic distribution of risk alleles correlated with local helminth (parasitic worm) diversity — a striking suggestion that interaction with intestinal pathogens has shaped this disease's genetic landscape over time. This page's rs17019602, in VAV3, is one of this paper's own six new loci.

Li et al. 2015 ran a four-stage GWAS in Han Chinese, 8,313 cases and 19,680 controls, finding novel loci at ST6GAL1, ACCS, and ODF1-KLF10, alongside three independent signals within the DEFA locus. This page's rs2074038, in ACCS, matches this paper's own finding exactly (odds ratio 1.14).

Clinical detail

How IgA nephropathy is actually diagnosed

IgA nephropathy is diagnosed with a kidney biopsy showing IgA deposits, not with any variant on this page. Genetic risk loci describe population-level susceptibility; they play no role in diagnosing an individual case or choosing treatment.

Clinical management of IgA nephropathy is guided by kidney function tests, urine protein levels, blood pressure, and biopsy findings — not by genotype. Nothing on this page changes how the condition is diagnosed, staged, or treated.

Related variants MyGeneLog™ checks for

What a 23andMe/AncestryDNA export or raw VCF can and can't tell you about IgA Nephropathy comes down to these specific, well-studied positions — not a diagnosis.

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IgA nephropathy

HLA-DQA/B · rs1794275

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IgA nephropathy

MTMR3 · rs12537

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IgA nephropathy

HLA-DRB1 · rs660895

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IgA nephropathy

VAV3 · rs17019602

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IgA nephropathy

CFHR3 · rs6677604

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IgA nephropathy

HORMAD2 · rs2412971

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IgA nephropathy

DEFAs · rs2738048

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IgA nephropathy

ACCS · rs2074038

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Serum galactose-deficient IgA1 levels in IgA nephropathy

C1GALT1 · rs10238682

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Sources

Databases, guidelines and references

Papers, with their authors

Questions about IgA Nephropathy

What is IgA nephropathy?

IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. It occurs when immunoglobulin A builds up in the kidney's filtering structures and triggers inflammation that can damage kidney function over time.

What did these three studies find?

Together they identified genetic loci in immune-region (HLA) genes, DEFA (alpha-defensin), and genes tied to intestinal-barrier function and pathogen response — with one study finding that risk-allele frequency correlates with local parasitic worm diversity.

Does this page diagnose IgA nephropathy?

No. IgA nephropathy is diagnosed with a kidney biopsy showing IgA deposits — not with genotype. This page describes population-level genetic risk, not a diagnostic test.

Why would intestinal pathogens affect kidney disease genetics?

Kiryluk et al. 2014 found that many IgA nephropathy risk genes are also involved in inflammatory bowel disease and the body's response to intestinal pathogens, suggesting a historical link between gut immune biology and this kidney condition.

Free to reuse. This page's text is original writing from freely-available research, licensed CC BY 4.0 — reuse it, including commercially, with attribution to MyGeneLog™. It's general research-derived information, not medical advice or a diagnosis — see Terms of Use.