Behavioural

Depression (Self-Reported Symptoms)

Reviewed September 10, 2026 10 views

A genome-wide study of 161,460 people measured depressive symptoms by self-report across the general population, not clinical diagnosis — a related but distinct question from the Major Depressive Disorder page this site already has. One variant, near NEGR1, reached genome-wide significance in that analysis.

What this condition connects to

Depression (Self-Reported Symptoms) Variant: rs782212 rs782212 Variant Variant: rs12967143 rs12967143 Variant Depression (Self-Reported Symptoms) Depression (Self- Reported Behavioural
Prevalence
Okbay et al. 2016 analysed depressive symptoms, measured by self-report scale in the general population, across 161,460 participants (alongside related analyses of subjective well-being in 298,420 people and neuroticism in 170,911), reporting two genome-wide significant loci for depressive symptoms. The variant on this page reaches genome-wide significance in the GWAS Catalog record for this trait, P = 7.0 × 10⁻¹¹ (PMID:27089181).
Inheritance
A common variant from a population-based self-report study, shifting risk slightly. Distinct from the case-control clinical diagnosis genetics tracked on the Major Depressive Disorder page, which is a related but separately studied construct.

This catalogue already has a page for Major Depressive Disorder, built from studies of people with a clinical diagnosis compared against controls. This page's variant comes from a different kind of study, and the difference is worth stating rather than glossing over.

Symptom scale, not diagnosis

Okbay et al. 2016 ran genome-wide association analyses across three related but distinct measures, each in a very large population sample: subjective well-being (298,420 participants), depressive symptoms (161,460 participants), and neuroticism (170,911 participants). The latter two were measured by self-report symptom scales in general-population cohorts — not a clinical diagnosis of depression. The paper reports two genome-wide significant loci specifically for depressive symptoms.

This page's variant, rs782212, sits near NEGR1 and reaches genome-wide significance in the trait record for depressive symptoms (P = 7.0 × 10⁻¹¹).

Why this is a separate page

A self-reported symptom scale measured across the general population and a clinical case-control diagnosis are related but genuinely different constructs in psychiatric genetics — studies of the two do not always find the same loci, and treating them as interchangeable would overstate what either one shows. Keeping this page separate from Major Depressive Disorder is the accurate description of what was actually measured, not a duplication of the same finding under two names.

NEGR1 is better known elsewhere in this catalogue's territory — it is one of the most consistently replicated genes in body-mass-index and obesity genetics. Its specific role in mood is less mechanistically worked out than its metabolic associations; this page reports the statistical finding without claiming more mechanism than the paper establishes.

Clinical detail

What a self-report symptom scale is and is not

The 161,460-person analysis behind this variant measured depressive symptoms the way large population studies typically do: a questionnaire, answered by people who were not necessarily seeking or receiving treatment for depression. That is a genuinely useful way to study mood genetics at scale, and it is not the same thing as a clinical diagnosis, which involves a structured assessment against diagnostic criteria.

This page does not diagnose depression and this variant does not predict it. If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, the useful next step is a conversation with a doctor or mental health professional — that conversation does not depend on, and is not improved by, a genotype at this or any single locus.

Related here

Major Depressive Disorder — the clinically diagnosed condition — has its own page and its own set of variants, drawn from case-control studies rather than population symptom scores.

Related variants MyGeneLog checks for

What a 23andMe/AncestryDNA export or raw VCF can and can't tell you about Depression (Self-Reported Symptoms) comes down to these specific, well-studied positions — not a diagnosis.

Sensitive

Depression

near NEGR1 · rs782212

See detailed info →
Sensitive

Depression

TCF4 · rs12967143

See detailed info →

Sources

Databases, guidelines and references

Papers, with their authors

Frequently asked questions

Is this the same as the Major Depressive Disorder page on this site?

No. That page is built from studies comparing people with a clinical diagnosis against controls. This page comes from a self-report symptom scale measured across a large general-population sample — a related but genuinely different kind of study, kept separate because the two do not always find the same loci.

Does this variant mean I am at risk of depression?

No individual variant works that way. This is one locus from a population study, shifting a self-reported symptom score slightly on average across a very large sample — it says nothing meaningful about an individual's risk.

What does NEGR1 have to do with mood?

Less is established here than for its much better-known role in body-mass-index and obesity genetics, where it is one of the most consistently replicated genes. This page reports the statistical association the study found for depressive symptoms without claiming a settled mechanism.

I think I might be depressed. What should I do?

Talk to a doctor or mental health professional. That conversation is the useful next step regardless of genotype, and nothing on this page is a substitute for it.

Free to reuse. This page's text is original writing from freely-available research, licensed CC BY 4.0 — reuse it, including commercially, with attribution to MyGeneLog. It's general research-derived information, not medical advice or a diagnosis — see Terms of Use.