Standard

Refractive error

CCDC91 · rs12146720

Stands on its own. Nothing else here links to this position yet — but the page above is the point: what the research found, what each genotype means, and where it came from, in language you can read. Links to conditions, drugs and the senses appear automatically if we write them.

Strength of the evidence

1 / 4

Its strongest genetic-study result is p = 10⁻⁸, with 1 associations in the GWAS Catalog.

How this is scored

4: ClinVar disease-causing, reviewed by an expert panel or a guideline (3–4 stars). 3: ClinVar, several labs agreeing (2 stars), or a genetic study at p ≤ 10⁻⁵⁰. 2: ClinVar from one lab (1 star), or p ≤ 10⁻²⁰. 1: ClinVar submitted without criteria (0 stars), or genome-wide significance (p ≤ 5×10⁻⁸). The higher of the two counts. It says how solid the evidence is, not whether it matters for a particular person.

What the study found

Who was studied 1,495,159 European ancestry individuals.

The effect Each copy of the T allele shifted the measure 0.0113 SD unit lower (95% confidence interval 0.0076-0.0151); p = 4 × 10⁻⁹.

How common The T allele had a frequency of about 31% in the people studied.

Where it sits Chromosome 12, band 12p11.22 — in an intron of CCDC91.

How common each version is

CT

Korean KRGDB

C 94.3% · T 5.7%

Korean Korea1K

C 93.7% · T 6.3%

Japanese ToMMo

C 93.9% · T 6.1%

World gnomAD

C 75.9% · T 24.1%

World 1000 Genomes

C 81.2% · T 18.8%

The share of all copies of this position that are each version. Source: the population studies published in dbSNP (US NCBI); each row names its study.

What each result means

C/C No copy of the version the research linked to Refractive error. This is the starting point the study compared everyone against.

C/T One copy of the version the research linked to Refractive error. That is a smaller link than two copies.

T/T Two copies of the version the research linked to Refractive error. That is the strongest link of the three results. A link in a study is not a diagnosis.

Source

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses of refractive error augment genetic discovery and polygenic prediction

Cheng FF, Liu X, Mi H, Wang L, Ma R, Guo Y, Sidorenko J, Jiang C, Islam T, Meguro A, Hikino K, Ishikawa Y

and 15 more — show all

Tang S, Li T, Chen R, Wang L, Mägi R, Metspalu A, Takeuchi M, Mizuki N, Choquet H, Jin ZB, Chen G, Zhou K, Terao C, Zeng J, Yang J

Estonian Biobank Research Team · 23andMe Research Team

Nature genetics · 2026 · PMID 42009823 · open access

Quoting this page

Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0: free to read, share and adapt for non-commercial use, naming MyGeneLog™ and linking the exact page. Commercial use, including training or serving a commercial AI system, needs a licence — https://www.mygenelog.com/license

Refractive error (rs12146720). MyGeneLog™. https://www.mygenelog.com/variants/rs12146720

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