Pregnancy

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Reviewed September 16, 2026

A pregnancy-specific liver condition whose leading variant sits in the same gene that, when severely mutated, causes an inherited liver disease of its own — a mechanistic thread the source study traces directly.

What this condition connects to

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Variant: rs2788095 rs2788095 Variant Variant: rs4148211 rs4148211 Variant Variant: rs6733156 rs6733156 Variant Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Prevalence
Affects 0.2-2% of pregnancies. The genetic study behind this page combined 4,738 women with prior ICP and 436,834 female controls across five biobanks (Tyrmi et al. 2026, PMID:42178310).
Inheritance
Polygenic, with a notable mechanistic overlap: one of this page's variants sits in ABCB11, the same gene whose rare, severe mutations cause a separate inherited cholestatic liver disease. Genetically correlated with pancreatitis.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) affects 0.2-2% of pregnancies and is marked by itching (pruritus), elevated liver enzymes and elevated bile acids in the blood. This page holds 3 variants from a large 2026 meta-analysis of its genetic drivers.

A five-biobank meta-analysis, and a bile acid mechanism

The study combined 4,738 women with a prior ICP diagnosis and 436,834 female controls across FinnGen, deCODE, the Estonian Biobank, the Danish Blood Donor Study and Copenhagen Hospital Biobank. It found 26 genome-wide significant loci, 10 of them newly reported, and used gene-expression and colocalization analysis to prioritize which genes at each locus are most likely causal.

The associated loci converge on a coherent biological theme rather than scattering across unrelated pathways: bile acid synthesis, LDL cholesterol and lipid metabolism. rs6733156 sits in ABCB11, the gene for the liver's bile salt export pump — the same protein that, when disrupted by rare, severe mutations, causes a separate inherited cholestatic liver disease (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis). rs4148211 sits in ABCG8, a transporter for cholesterol and plant sterols. This page's third variant, rs2788095, is near PRDM16.

A genetic link to pancreatitis

The study also found genetic correlation and shared polygenic risk between ICP and pancreatitis — evidence the two conditions may share some underlying biology, not just an epidemiological coincidence.

In the news

2026-03-01 · Liver International 2026, PMID:41603551

A bile-acid-blocking drug eased itch and lowered bile acids in a small trial of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Verified directly against the paper's own abstract via Europe PMC (PMID:41603551, Liver International, March 2026). Ovadia et al. treated 4 pregnant patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) with volixibat, an IBAT (ileal bile acid transporter) inhibitor that blocks bile acid reabsorption in the gut, at 20 or 80mg twice daily. Three of the four patients had reduced pruritus regardless of dose, and all patients' serum bile acid levels reached below 6 micromol/L after treatment. No clinically meaningful lab changes occurred and all patients delivered healthy infants; the most frequent side effects were gastrointestinal. A genuinely small, early-stage result (4 patients, open-label, no placebo arm) -- reported honestly as such, not oversold. This is a treatment-mechanism finding, not a genetic one, and does not involve this page's own variants (ABCB11, ABCG8, PRDM16), though it targets the same bile acid pathway ABCB11 sits in.

Clinical detail

What is actually diagnosed and treated here

ICP is diagnosed by measuring serum bile acids and liver enzymes in a pregnant patient with pruritus — not by genotype. None of the 3 variants on this page are used by any guideline to diagnose ICP or select treatment.

The loci described above come from a large multi-biobank genetic study with real mechanistic grounding in bile acid and lipid metabolism. They explain part of who is more genetically susceptible to ICP — they are not a diagnostic test, and a pregnant patient with symptoms should be evaluated clinically regardless of genotype.

Related variants MyGeneLog™ checks for

What a 23andMe/AncestryDNA export or raw VCF can and can't tell you about Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy comes down to these specific, well-studied positions — not a diagnosis.

Standard

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

PRDM16 · rs2788095

See detailed info →
Standard

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

ABCG8 · rs4148211

See detailed info →
Standard

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

ABCB11 · rs6733156

See detailed info →

Sources

Databases, guidelines and references

Papers, with their authors

Quoting this page

Free to quote and reuse under CC BY 4.0. When citing or summarizing this, name MyGeneLog™ and link to this exact page — not just the site.

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. MyGeneLog™. https://www.mygenelog.com/conditions/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

Questions about Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

What is intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

A pregnancy-specific liver condition, affecting 0.2-2% of pregnancies, marked by itching, elevated liver enzymes and elevated bile acids.

What is the strongest genetic finding for ICP?

A variant in ABCB11, the gene for the liver's bile salt export pump -- the same gene that, when severely mutated, causes a separate inherited cholestatic liver disease. This page's variant is a common, milder version of that same biological pathway.

Is ICP genetically linked to any other condition?

The source study found a genetic correlation with pancreatitis, suggesting the two conditions may share some underlying biology.

Can these variants predict whether I will develop ICP?

No. ICP is diagnosed by blood tests for bile acids and liver enzymes in a symptomatic pregnant patient. These are population-level genetic findings, not a way to predict an individual case.

Free to reuse. This page's text is original writing from freely-available research, licensed CC BY 4.0 — reuse it, including commercially, with attribution to MyGeneLog™. It's general research-derived information, not medical advice or a diagnosis — see Terms of Use.